Back to Blog
Kid3 beige adipocyte5/6/2023 ![]() A key component that differentiates BAT from WAT is BAT’s physiological function of thermogenesis, which is aided mainly by the unique protein, uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) present in densely packed mitochondria in BAT. Because of its relatively high tissue-specific metabolic rate, BAT demands increased oxygen and a denser neural supply when compared to WAT. BAT has been reported to promote a 10–20% increase in energy expenditure when compared to basal metabolic rate with an estimated contribution of 100 kcal/day ( 2). The brown color of BAT is attributable to its high mitochondrial density and vascularization. BAT is highly vascularized and contains a large number of mitochondria that are large, spherical, and packed with laminar cristae. In contrast, brown adipocytes contain triglycerides in smaller and multiple vacuoles. These secretory products are responsible for the regulation of healthy adipose mass maintenance, food intake, energy expenditure, metabolism, immunity, and blood pressure homeostasis ( 1). WAT is responsible for secretion of numerous hormones, growth factors, enzymes, cytokines, complement factors, and matrix proteins. Mitochondria in white adipocytes are thin, elongated, and sparse in numbers. White adipocytes are characterized by the presence of single lipid droplet consisting of triglycerides occupying 90% of the cell space. The morphological, biochemical, and physiological characteristics of WAT and BAT are well described in the literature. Chemical stimulation with β3-adrenergic agonists (C元16,243) or cold exposure is known to promote the development of BeAT. BeATs are brown-like adipocytes that reside in WAT depots. Because of appearance and location, these adipocytes have been deemed brite/beige adipocytes (BeATs). In the last decade, a third and novel type of AT came to light. WAT stores excess energy as triglycerides, and BAT specializes in the dissipation of energy through the production of heat. White and brown ATs (WAT and BAT), being the two main types of AT in mammals, are the focus of most scientific studies. In addition, concrete strategies to distinguish different types of AT may be relevant to track the efficacy and mechanisms around interventions aimed to improve metabolic health and thwart excessive weight gain.Īdipose tissue (AT) is an integral component of increased weight gain and has garnered significant attention in the scientific community over the last few decades. We hope that this will advance the understanding of the biology of different ATs. The review paper will highlight some of the difficulties these markers pose and will offer new perspectives on possible transcript-specific identification of BeAT. Here we will provide an overview of the latest advances in BeAT, BAT, and WAT identification based on transcript markers described in the literature. The ubiquitous presence of different types of AT and the inability to differentiate brown and beige adipocytes because of similar appearance present a challenge when classifying them one way or another. Although there is a clear demarcation of anatomical and molecular features specific to white (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT), the factors that uniquely differentiate beige AT (BeAT) remain to be fully elaborated. 2Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United StatesĪdipose tissue (AT) is classified based on its location, physiological and functional characteristics.1Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States. ![]()
0 Comments
Read More
Leave a Reply. |